Name : Regita Shandra Nirwana
Class : 3EB23
NPM : 26212088
Global
Warming
Global
warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's
atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased
levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Besides the impact of other
global warming that we know is the extinction of species of flora and fauna
in large quantities. Extinction of
species of flora and
fauna is caused by climate change and habitat destruction and alteration.
It also bring adverse effects to humans.
Also
felt the impact of global warming on the oceans.
bleaching occurred on coral reefs resulted from
continuous warming. continuous heating makes this increased acidity
of seawater can damage marine ecosystems. The following article tell us about the marine ecosystems currently.
JAKARTA - Global
warming will threaten the survival of the 900 species of coral reefs in the
Coral Triangle in the world.
"This
is not a severe problem sea, if taxable` warming` global seawater temperature
will rise and coral reefs could be dead, "said Chairman of the National
Committee of the World Ocean Conference 2009, Indroyono Soesilo, here on
Thursday.
He
said the sustainability of the world's largest coral reef triangle aka
"coral triangle" is important, given the location is arguably the
seabed Amazon forest in the world. Agencies and NGO's world is aware that the
initiation of Indonesia to organize the WOC 2009 on May 11 to 15 in Manado next
is an important event. Even the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)
will oversee the implementation of the first marine conference in the world to
successfully produce a draft policy related to marine.
"UNEP will even make` Ocean Day` on Summit-related global warming,
Technology, and Greening in Copenhagen in September 2009, "he said.
Death
of coral reefs in the Coral Triangle in the world, which are located in
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, East Timor and the
Solomon Islands, would threaten the world's fish resources. Therefore, WOC
2009, which takes the theme of "Ocean and Climate Change" with the
topic "Ocean Impact to Climate Change and the Role of Ocean to Climate
Change" is expected to produce a draft strategy to be contained in the
"Manado Ocean Declaration" (MOD). Results from WOC 2009 will be
followed up with the Action Plan and Implementation, which will be proposed
establishment of the "World Ocean Forum". (Republika Online-Global
Warming Threatens Reefs)
Basically
a lot of factors that cause damage to the reef both factors that are natural
such as global warming, cyclones, and tsunamis, or artificial nature caused by
human activities that are not true, such as the use of potassium and bombs to
catch fish in the fish. But in addition to the above causes, climate change due
to global warming which occurred significantly within this decade a very
significant impact on the marine and fisheries resources, including coral
reefs.
Factors that affect the sustainability of the growth of small polyps is the
temperature, salinity, light and depth, brightness, and the dynamics of
currents and wave it receives. If the above factor-factor accordance with the
standards required for the growth of small polyps, the colony will grow well.
However, the impact caused by the phenomenon of global warming are already described above have resulted in a change that is very worrying for the factors supporting the needs of a living coral. Call it the temperature, due to the effect of greenhouse gases that lead to raising the temperature of the earth at regular intervals so that the temperature of the sea water, particularly at the surface, also increased. With rising sea temperatures, the result of zooxanthellae which is an essential nutrient needed to help reefs diminishing. Therefore heating for marine ecosystems that coral reefs
And
corals suffered bleaching is called coral bleaching. If it remains, and
continues the experience coral bleaching was going to be a dead coral or coral
death. In other cases such as rising sea levels or sea level rise, it also
brings harm to coral reef ecosystems. The increase in water level is due to a
very large volume of water that leads to the sea, whether from melting
glaciers, rivers flow into the sea, as well as the high rainfall in the sea.
Increased
water level is the primary threat to the life of coral reefs sirius. Because
coral is one of the organisms that are very sensitive to changes, such as
changes in depth, then a slight change in sea level alone would lead to changes
in the condition as well. Coral reefs can not live well in waters that are too
shallow or too deep waters. Therefore if the water level rise is a problem for
the survival of coral reefs.
High
content of carbon dioxide in the air will trigger change degree of acidity (pH)
of seawater. There by disrupting the metabolism of the coral animals that grow
undisturbed. Other impacts that global warming is caused by heavy rainfall in
the tropics which resulted in the discharge of excess water into the sea. The
flow of rain water to the sea also carries sediment and potentially harmful
waste polluting the waters in coastal regions.
Water
flow carries sediment in the form of mud and sand in large numbers in addition
to polluting the waters pesisr also able to kill nearby coral reefs. This can
occur because the grains of sediment will shut the mouths of polyps that stick
crafted so that polyps will not receive optimal nutrition and doing so will
result in nutritional deficiencies coral and be dead.
Sludge and waste carried by rain water or from the river is also capable of
making coastal waters become muddy and dirty. If this happens, the sun will not
be able to enter into the sea. Though the sun is one of the nutrients needed
for the coral reefs so that corals can perform photosynthesis to grow. If the
brightness level decreases and the intensity of the sun received by reduced
then the coral reefs will experience problems and the growth will occur
whitening or bleaching.
Another
effect that global warming is caused by climate change is very significant.
These climate changes occurred due to changes in global ocean circulation
system that is better known as the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt (Belt Flow Deep
Sea). Where in this system flows transporting large amounts of heat and salt
around the earth through the warm sea surface currents and flows into the
cooler, where the system is a very important role in determining the Earth's
climate. Because of the current dynamics of the climate change was also a
change can be predicted accurately without.
Climate
change is then impact on the emergence of storms at sea as Cyclone, Typhoon, as
well as El Nino and La Nina. The storm resulted in high waves followed by
increasingly fast movement of currents that make the rocks crashing of the
medium. If this continues to happen then the coral reefs will be damaged and
will cause coral bleaching. Increased sea temperatures, sea level rise,
pollution of coastal areas, and the movement of sea water getting extreme
impact caused by the phenomenon of global warming across the Earth's surface.
And it became a disaster against the conditions of life in it, including the
coral reef ecosystem.
Coral
Bleaching is an impact caused by the effects of global warming and this can be
detrimental to the life now and that will be able to. Widespread coral damage
due to increased sea water temperature will have implications for the lives of
other living organisms interact with coral reefs, including fish which is an
economic commodity for humans.
In
addition to damaging marine ecosystems, global warming has also resulted in rising sea levels. this can cause flooding and damaged
ecosystems around the beach or mangrove ecosystem.
As well as the disposal of waste into the river that then
flows into the sea. Wastes
that are not friendly to the sea can damage marine ecosystems.
Flooding
that occurs can
also be caused by its high rainfall. The
heavy rainfall caused by extreme climate change. Floods also facilitate
resource and nests
multiply and spread disease rapidly. Warming and
climate change consistently make the most of the human immune system deficiencies so susceptible to disease.
Reference
http://www.republika.co.id/berita/shortlink/34170
